Winter is the season of high incidence of colds and flu, especially babies with low immunity are more likely to get sick. When the baby is sick, the parents are most anxious. Some parents use random medicines and mixed medicines in order to make the baby recover as soon as possible...

Taking the wrong medicine, taking too much medicine, and some misunderstandings of medication that parents have, sometimes have serious consequences. Relevant statistics show that due to improper medication, about 30,000 children in China fall into a silent world every year, causing damage to liver, kidney function, and nervous system, which is even more difficult to count.

Medication safety for children has become a social issue, so how can parents ensure the safety of medication for their babies? How to avoid medication errors? Xiao Jiu will talk about it in detail today.

Children's drug blacklist, every parent should know

For common diseases such as colds, fevers, and coughs in babies, parents should understand and avoid some children's medicines that have been clearly stipulated as "disabled" and "used with caution".

Cold medicine

The current international general view is: children under 4 years old are not recommended to use compound cold medicine, and children aged 4 to 6 should use it after weighing the pros and cons under the guidance of a doctor.

Common compound cold medicines include: Pediatric Amphenol Huang Namin Granules, Compound Zinc Cloth Granules, Compound Phorcodine Oral Liquid, and Meimin Pseudoephedrine Solution.

Cough and expectorant

Strong Loquat Cream: Contains codeine, long-term abuse can lead to addiction. The State Food and Drug Administration has clearly stipulated that it is prohibited for children under the age of 18.

Cold and cough syrup: Contains fepromethazine, which may cause respiratory depression, and is contraindicated for children under 2 years old.

antiviral drugs

Ribavirin: It is often misused to treat colds. In fact, it is not only ineffective, but also has side effects such as high toxicity, teratogenicity, and hemolytic anemia. It is not recommended for infants and young children.

Adenosine vidarabine: safety is not clear, contraindicated in children.

antipyretic analgesics

Antongding: It belongs to the analgesic class of drugs. It is easy to cause leukopenia when used by children, and it is likely to produce anaphylactic shock. It is not recommended for children.

Nimesulide is prohibited for those under 12 years old, lysine for injection is prohibited for those under 16 years old, especially for infants under 3 months old. Reye's syndrome may occur in children.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection

Shuanghuanglian injection is prohibited for children under 4 years old; Danshen injection, Qingkailing injection and Shenmai injection are prohibited for newborns and infants; Bupleurum injection, Xiyanping injection and Xuesaitong injection are prohibited for children disabled.

How to take medicine safely when your child has a cold and fever?

So many medicines are "banned", so when a baby has a cold and a fever, how should parents take medicines correctly and safely?

1. Symptomatic medication to relieve symptoms

In fact, there is no specific medicine for colds, it can only relieve symptoms. Therefore, corresponding medicines can be used for symptoms such as fever, headache, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, and sore throat caused by colds.

· fever

According to the fever guidelines for children aged 0 to 5, only oral antipyretics are recommended for children to reduce fever. The World Health Organization recommends that there are only two antipyretics for children, acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

It is recommended to use acetaminophen once every 4-6 hours, no more than 4 times a day, and it should not be used for more than 3 days to reduce fever. Ibuprofen is used every 6-8 hours. The drug should be used in strict accordance with the instructions, and the corresponding dose should be selected according to the child's age and weight. It is not recommended to use the two drugs in combination or alternately.

· Cough and expectorant

Coughing is a protective reflex that can promote the discharge of secretions. Therefore, the baby coughs and cannot be suppressed by force, especially not suitable for the use of central cough suppressant drugs.

Scientific cough relief must first eliminate phlegm, such as using ambroxol, acetylcysteine ​​or some Chinese patent medicines specially developed for children. Taking Jinzhen Oral Liquid as an example, it has three major functions of relieving cough, eliminating phlegm and reducing fever. It is discharged from the bottom; goat horn, skullcap, raw gypsum and other traditional Chinese medicines for clearing heat, purging fire and detoxifying can reduce the frequency of coughing and shorten the duration of attacks; at the same time, rhubarb allows the excess heat in the body to be discharged through defecation, especially suitable for children who cannot spontaneously expel phlegm. Jinzhen oral liquid can quickly relieve the symptoms of lung heat cough and high fever in children. And it does not contain ephedra or preservatives. It is aimed at children from 6 months to 14 years old. It has clear instructions on usage and dosage. It tastes sweet. Mothers can rest assured that children love to drink it.

· Nasal congestion, sneezing

If the symptoms are mild, the nasal cavity can be rinsed with saline to relieve nasal congestion. If the symptoms are severe, you can take antihistamines containing chlorpheniramine to relieve runny nose and sneezing; phenylephrine hydrochloride or decongestants to relieve nasal congestion.

2. Be aware of these medication misunderstandings

Children's medication should be cautious. For the healthy growth of babies, parents should also pay attention to the following misunderstandings in medication!

· Dissolve the medicine in a drink

Many parents put medicines in milk, sugar water or other drinks in order to let their babies take medicines. However, various substances contained in these drinks may combine with the medicines, destroying the composition structure of the medicines, and at least affecting the absorption and treatment of the medicines. effect, and may cause adverse reactions.

· Reduce dosage of adult medicine

Some parents will halve the dose of adult medicine to give to the baby. However, babies are not small adults, and the probability of side effects from taking adult drugs is much higher than that of adults, which will increase the burden on the liver. Even if it is a special drug for children, the dosage requirements are very strict, and the dosage cannot be adjusted without authorization.

· Unauthorized drug combination

Some parents rush to take another drug after taking one drug to their baby, but the effect is not obvious. However, the baby’s liver and kidney functions are not yet perfect, and the combined drug may cause liver and kidney damage or even poisoning.

In general, on the one hand, medication for children should be strictly in accordance with the doctor's orders and the requirements of the instructions. The safety of children can only be guaranteed if it is used within a safe range as much as possible. If parents find that children's medication is not effective, they should consult a doctor in time.

> > References: >

> > 1. Be vigilant! There are many contraindications in children's medication, please keep this children's medication guide. Chinese Journal of Food and Drug Administration, 2018.11.20 >

> > 2. The Food and Drug Administration issued a blacklist: 9 pediatric star drugs are banned! .Medical field, 2020.3.2 >

> > 3. Pay attention! Mixing three cold medicines can cause kidney failure! .People.cn.2018-01-26 >