The boy died after being bitten by a dog. In order to prevent the tragedy from happening again, please remember three musts!
I still remember that before the National Day, the news that a boy died after being bitten by a dog can be said to blow up all major web pages. At that time, the boy had already received three shots of rabies vaccine. Seeing this, many people will think, how can they still get rabies and die after being vaccinated against rabies? In order to prevent the tragedy from happening again, we must remember three musts!
First of all, let's answer the first question. If you are vaccinated against rabies, you will get rabies or die. The World Health Organization issued a document indicating that rabies can be effectively prevented by immediately initiating disposal measures at the time of exposure, that is, immediately after being bitten (cleaning the wound, vaccinating, etc.).
If you do not seek medical attention immediately, or miss some unobserved wounds, patients do not follow the vaccination procedures, and individual immunity is low, the virus will directly invade the nerves, leading to death due to prevention failure, especially head and face bites, which are more likely to lead to immunity. fail.
It can be seen that whether rabies breaks out or not, it is the "virus" and "immunity" competing for time. If the virus is faster than the immunity, it will break out, otherwise, it will not break out. Therefore, after being bitten, the wound should be treated as quickly as possible, and the vaccine should be vaccinated as quickly as possible.
Many people know that rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the rabies virus. There are mainly 16 types of this virus. The rabies viruses in China are all prevalent rabies hereditary viruses. Rabies usually has no symptoms during the incubation period, and then enters the prodromal period, with some non-specific clinical manifestations, such as fatigue, anorexia, headache and fever, which generally last for 2 to 10 days.
There are two main manifestations in the attack period of rabies, manic type and paralytic type. Manic type is the most common type, mainly manifested as high excitement, fear of water, fear of wind, paroxysmal pharyngeal muscle spasm, may also bite, scratch, spit, rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, etc.; paralytic type is more Rare, manifested as limb weakness, paralysis and other symptoms.
Since this is the case, by what means does the human body get infected with rabies?
The most common way to get rabies is to be bitten or scratched by an infected animal. However, even if an unhealed wound is licked by an infected animal, the disease will also occur. Moreover, the source of rabies infection is not only dogs, but cats, mice, foxes, and hedgehogs may also be infected with this virus.
An important feature of the onset of rabies in the body is that it spreads along the nerves instead of going through the blood like ordinary viruses. First, the rabies virus will stay around the wound for about a week and slowly replicate; then, the replicated rabies virus will climb along the nerves to the upper part of the human body in one direction, walking about 5 to 10 centimeters per day.
When it reaches the thick nerve root, the virus replicates in large quantities again, and its forward speed also accelerates. During this time period, the clinical symptoms of rabies also begin to appear; finally, the rabies virus reaches the human brain, the virus replicates faster, and destroys the blood-brain barrier ; While suffering from encephalitis and meningitis, it spreads to the whole body along the central nervous system, such as salivary glands and lacrimal glands.
According to this transmission method, the closer the bitten part is to the head, the higher the risk of disease; the lower the personal resistance, such as the elderly and children, the higher the risk of disease.
After being bitten, how should the wound be treated? Contact with pets, that is, exposure, has three levels. Level 1 Daily feeding, contact or licking of intact skin, just wash the contact area carefully; Level 2 bare skin lightly bitten, slight scratches, abrasions (no bleeding); Level 3 single or multiple penetrating skin bites wounds, or scratches with bleeding, open wounds, etc.
The second and third grades must be treated, and the treatment of wounds should be in the following order:
Wash the wound within 15 minutes of being bitten, peel the wound open, wash away the foreign matter or saliva containing the virus, and wash it with soapy water to enhance the effect; if the bite is severe, it is recommended to find a professional in the hospital for disinfection. Fastest cleaning.
In case of third-level exposure, please use passive immunization preparations immediately, which can directly inactivate the activity of rabies virus.
There are mainly two kinds of vaccine injections: intramuscular injection and intradermal injection. The earlier the vaccine is injected, the better, but it is also useful to vaccinate within 24 hours.
In fact, after the injection of rabies vaccine, the antibody can be maintained in the body for a long time, but in order to ensure nothing goes wrong, the World Health Organization has determined that if it is bitten again, the rabies vaccine will be effective for 3 months.
In short, if you want to prevent the tragedy of rabies from happening again, please remember three musts: the pet must be vaccinated, the wound must be treated quickly, and the doctor must be sought quickly. For our health, learning the correct prevention and injection methods has become particularly important.