Presbyopia, myopia, color blindness! Four eye test charts, spend 1 minute to check whether your eyes are healthy
"Doctor, can you do a color blindness test for me? I went for a physical examination last month, and the physical examination report said I was color blind!"
In the ophthalmology clinic office, 23-year-old Mr. Liu was in a panic . Last month, Mr. Liu's company organized a physical examination. During the vision test, the doctor asked him to test several "color cards" in a row, and was finally suspected of being color blind.
Mr. Liu said that he had never felt that he was color-blind before, but this inspection caused him a psychological shadow, and he dared not even apply for a driver's license.
According to the experience of doctors, the probability of a person discovering that he is color-blind in his 20s is very small. In most cases, it is because of emotional stress that causes intermittent inability to distinguish colors , or mispronounces colors. After appeasing Mr. Liu's emotions, the doctor gave him a color blindness test, and it turned out that everything was normal. Mr. Liu finally breathed a sigh of relief.
"It's great, the big stone in my heart has fallen to the ground."
1. The eyesight problem of Chinese people is very serious
In China, more and more people wear glasses!
Since we were young, we were taught that "the eyes are the windows of the soul, and we must take good care of them." As a result, many people still cannot escape the curse of myopia during the growth process. In addition to myopia, the incidence of many eye diseases in China is not low.
According to WHO and relevant domestic data, 67% of adolescents in urban areas in China are myopic. There are about 250 to 280 million cataract patients nationwide ( the elderly are high-risk groups ), and glaucoma patients are as high as 21 million. Eyes are the window to explore the world, myopia can be corrected with glasses, but if other eye diseases are not treated in time, the risk of blindness will be greatly increased.
Clinically, the five common eye diseases in China are myopia, dry eye, cataract, glaucoma and macular degeneration. Among them, macular degeneration is called "the terminal disease of immortality".
Macular degeneration, also known as " age-related macular degeneration ", is a type of degenerative disease in the macular part of the fundus , which occurs frequently in the elderly. Usually, one eye first develops, and as the disease worsens, the other eye will also be affected. .
Macular degeneration should not be underestimated. If it is not treated in time or the treatment is not standardized, as the condition worsens, it can lead to a sharp decline in vision, and even blindness in severe cases . Therefore, if the elderly have the following symptoms, they need to go to the ophthalmologist for examination in time:
①The vision is suddenly blurred, the vision is blocked by a dark shadow, and there is a history of hypertension and arteriosclerosis;
② Aged over 50 years old, amaurosis suddenly appears in front of the eyes;
③Vision drops sharply in a short period of time and cannot be corrected;
④ Distortion of visual objects, narrowing of field of vision, and decreased sensitivity to color;
⑤ Images such as floating objects, tadpoles, and spider webs appear in front of your eyes.
In addition, there are other typical symptoms of macular degeneration, such as: pigmentation disorder in the macular area in the early stage of the disease, macular hemorrhage in the advanced stage, macular edema, scarring, or a sharp decline in central vision.
Two or four eye test charts to see if your eyes are healthy
Figure 1: Do you have red-green color blindness?
Look at the picture below, what animal do you see?
If you see a deer, as shown in the left picture below, it may be red-green color blindness. If you see a cow, as shown in the picture on the right, it means that your eyesight is normal.
Figure 2: Do you have astigmatism in your eyes?
Place the chart below at a distance of 30cm from the eye level, keep the light clear and even, then cover one eye with your hand, stare at the chart with the other eye naked , and test the two eyes in turn.
If you see picture A below, it means there is no astigmatism. If you see the picture B or C below, it means there may be astigmatism.
Figure 3: Do you have macular degeneration in your eyes?
Place the picture below at a distance of 30cm from the eye level, keep the light clear and even, then cover one eye with your hand, stare at the black spot in the center of the grid with the other eye, and test the two eyes in turn. If you have myopia or presbyopia, you need to wear glasses for testing .
If you see picture C below, it means the fundus macula is normal . If the picture you see is picture A or picture B below , it means that there may be fundus macular degeneration.
Figure 4: Do you have presbyopia?
Look at the picture below with the naked eye and point out which side of the letters on the left and right is clearer .
If the letter on the red background on the left is clearer, it may be myopia . If the green letters on the right are clearer, it may be presbyopia . If the letters on the left and right sides are equally clear, the vision is normal .
What needs to be reminded is that the image test is only a part of the visual inspection. If the disease is to be diagnosed, other instrumental examinations are required.
3. In the face of different eye diseases, how should we treat them?
The treatment of red-green color blindness depends on whether it is congenital or acquired.
There is no good treatment for congenital color blindness. In order to prevent it, you should know the family history of both parties before marriage, avoid consanguineous marriages, and promote prenatal and postnatal care. Acquired color blindness is mainly related to retinal diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, optic atrophy, maculopathy, etc., and the primary disease should be actively treated .
To treat astigmatism , corrective glasses should be worn in time.
To treat macular degeneration , we must first find out the cause of macular degeneration in the fundus before we can prescribe the right medicine. In the case of a macular hole, retinal detachment replacement or vitreous replacement is required. If it is the macular epiretinal membrane, the epiretinal membrane can be peeled off with the vitreous body.
To treat presbyopia , you should pay attention to eye care in daily life, and go to a professional hospital or institution for glasses in time.
4. Eat more 3 kinds of nutrients to maintain vision health
In daily life, to protect eyesight, you can add more foods containing the following nutrients.
1. Lutein
Lutein is a pigment widely found in green vegetables, and it is also one of the important pigments of the macula on the retina, which has the effect of protecting the eyes. Kale, spinach, peas, corn and other vegetables contain lutein, so you can eat more.
2. Vitamin A
Vitamin A, also called retinol, is divided into vitamin A alcohol and carotene, which can maintain normal visual response and prevent night blindness and vision loss. Vitamin A mainly exists in animal liver, milk and dairy products (whole milk), poultry eggs, such as chicken liver, pork liver, egg cheese, etc., and can be eaten appropriately.
3. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin and an important coenzyme for glucose metabolism in the central nervous system. Deficiency can lead to optic nerve-related eye diseases. Starchy foods, seed foods, and animal foods rich in vitamin B1, such as whole wheat flour, oats, millet, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, peas, pork liver, chicken liver, etc.
Are your eyes healthy? If you lose your eyesight, the world will lose its color. Whether you are an adult or a child, you must take good care of your eyes and stay away from eye diseases!
References:
[1] Ophthalmologist: 4 test charts, 1 minute to know whether the eyes are healthy! .Health Times. 2021-02-09
[2] Li Jianjun. The number of people with visual impairment and several important eye diseases in the world: 2019 WHO World Vision Report [J]. International Survey of Ophthalmology, 2019, 43(5): 1.
[3] Liu Xinquan, Wang Dahu. Which nutrients do eyes love[J]. Family Medicine, 2022(006):000.
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