Some things you don't know about high blood pressure, World Hypertension Day, how to fight 'stress' during epidemic prevention

During the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic, everyone has been affected to varying degrees in terms of work and rest patterns, exercise conditions, diet structure, and psychological conditions, and health problems have followed.

Today, May 17, is the 42nd "World Hypertension Day" advocated by the World Hypertension League (WHL). Let's talk to you about what you should know about fighting "stress" during the epidemic prevention and control period.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and a major risk factor for heart, cerebrovascular and renal diseases, which can lead to serious consequences such as stroke, myocardial infarction and renal failure. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately measure blood pressure, identify hypertension as early as possible, and actively accept scientific treatment. However, in clinical practice, there are still many misunderstandings in the measurement of blood pressure and the treatment of hypertension. Let's see if you have stepped on these "pits"~

More than 70% of adults are under the threat of high blood pressure, and the overall control rate is less than 5%

In China, hypertensive patients are a huge population, 270 million hypertensive patients, 435 million hypertensive reserve army, and more than 70% of adults are troubled by hypertension! However, the overall control rate of hypertension in China is less than 5%.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart, cerebrovascular and renal disease, which can lead to serious consequences such as stroke, myocardial infarction and renal failure. Therefore, early detection, early treatment, and early benefit can avoid the occurrence of tragedy.

"A 28-year-old boy I saw had high blood pressure but he didn't pay attention to it, and he usually had no symptoms. This time, the symptoms suddenly came, his high blood pressure had ruptured his abdominal aorta, and the situation was very critical! "

High blood pressure is not "exclusive" for the elderly, young people should beware of critical high blood pressure

Borderline hypertension, also known as borderline hypertension, refers to blood pressure values ​​between normal blood pressure and confirmed hypertension.

According to the standards set by the World Health Organization, the normal blood pressure for adults is: systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg. Diagnosed hypertension was: systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. Blood pressure values ​​between normal blood pressure and diagnosed hypertension are high-normal.

"People's blood pressure will gradually increase with age, which means that when a person is 50 years old, his blood pressure value will definitely exceed the blood pressure value at the age of 40. So, if a young man in his 20s, His blood pressure has reached the critical high blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg, and we need to be extra vigilant."

You may not have imagined the blood pressure measurement at first - it was actually a blood pressure measurement for a "horse"

In 1733, Stephen Hales of the Royal Society of England and his assistants measured blood pressure in animals for the first time, which was a beginning for humans to truly reveal the important physiological phenomenon of blood pressure.

Do you know what animal has the highest blood pressure in the world?

How did humans recognize blood pressure and start measuring it? How was blood pressure initially measured?

Do you really test your blood pressure?

When measuring blood pressure in the clinic, various factors such as sitting posture and method may lead to high blood pressure readings, resulting in misdiagnosis.

1. hold back urine

When the subject is holding back urine, the blood pressure reading may be about 10~15 mmHg higher. Before measuring blood pressure, the bladder should be emptied.

2. Poor posture

Improper sitting posture of the subject, including laziness, lack of support for the back or lower extremities, etc., may cause the blood pressure reading to be about 6-10 mmHg higher. When measuring blood pressure, you need to lean back against the back of the chair and keep your feet flat on the floor.

3. The arm hangs in the air

The subject's arm is in the air, which may result in an elevated blood pressure reading of approximately 10 mmHg. When measuring blood pressure, the arm should be placed flat on the table so that the midpoint of the upper arm is flush with the heart.

4. The cuff is placed on the clothes

When the blood pressure is measured, the cuff is placed on the subject's clothes, which may cause the blood pressure reading to be about 5~50 mmHg higher. When measuring blood pressure, it is best to bare your arms.

5. The cuff is too small and too tight

When measuring blood pressure, the cuff is too small and too tight, which may cause the blood pressure reading to be about 2~10 mmHg higher. The appropriate size cuff should be selected according to the circumference of the subject's arm.

In addition, the distance between the lower edge of the cuff and the antecubital space should be 1-2 cm, and a finger should be freely inserted between the cuff and the arm.

6. Legs up

When the subject's legs are raised during blood pressure measurement, the blood pressure reading may be about 2~8 mmHg higher. Do not cross your legs when measuring blood pressure, and place your feet flat for support.

7. Speaking

When measuring blood pressure, the subjects ask questions, answer questions, make phone calls, etc., which may cause blood pressure readings to be about 10 mmHg higher. Conversation should be avoided and quiet before, during, and between measurements.

When performing an office blood pressure measurement, it is recommended to do the following.

① Environment: Ensure that the room is quiet and the temperature is comfortable. Avoid smoking, caffeine and exercise 30 minutes before the measurement, do not hold back urine, sit and relax for 3 to 5 minutes. Conversation should be avoided during the measurement, both by the patient and by the measurement personnel.

② Posture: Place the arms on the table, the midpoint of the upper arm is at the level of the heart, back against the back of the chair, the legs are not crossed, and the feet are flat on the floor.

③ Equipment: Use a certified upper arm cuff electronic sphygmomanometer or a calibrated auscultation sphygmomanometer.

④ Cuff: Choose a cuff with a suitable size according to the circumference of the subject's arm. If the cuff is too tight, the blood pressure value will be overestimated, and if the cuff is too loose, the blood pressure value will be underestimated. For manual auscultation devices, the inflatable bladder of the cuff must cover 75% to 100% of the circumference of the arm. For electronic equipment, the cuff should be used according to the equipment instructions.

⑤ Method: 3 consecutive measurements were taken at each visit, with an interval of 1 minute each time, and the average value of the last 2 measurements was calculated. If the blood pressure value of the first measurement is <130/85 mmHg, no further measurement is required.

Figure 1. Blood pressure measurement methods recommended by the ISH2020 Hypertension Guidelines.

Myth 1: Antihypertensive drugs cannot be taken casually, once they are taken, they cannot be stopped

This perception is wrong. Whether you need to take antihypertensive drugs depends on the blood pressure value, not self-perception, and the side effects of antihypertensive drugs are far less than the damage to the body caused by high blood pressure. In addition, antihypertensive drugs are not addictive drugs, and there is no dependence. The reason why they cannot be stopped is because hypertension is a long-term chronic disease that requires long-term medication control.

Of course, in patients with mild hypertension who have no family history in the early stage, by improving their lifestyle, their blood pressure can return to normal, and medication can be temporarily suspended.

Myth 2: As soon as blood pressure drops, stop the drug immediately

The fundamental goal of hypertension treatment is to reduce the overall risk of cardio-cerebral-renal, vascular complications and death, and this benefit mainly comes from the reduction in blood pressure itself.

When blood pressure rises, use medication, and when blood pressure decreases, stop medication. This on-demand medication model will always cause blood pressure to fluctuate. In this case, the incidence of complications such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction will increase significantly. Only long-term adherence to medication and stable control of blood pressure at an appropriate level can effectively reduce its harm.

Myth 3: The lower the blood pressure, the better

Antihypertensive treatment is not the lower the blood pressure the better. The ISH 2020 hypertension guidelines recommend that the optimal standard of antihypertensive treatment is: patients under 65 years old should reduce blood pressure to <130/80 mmHg under tolerable conditions, but should be >120/70 mmHg; Tolerate, reduce blood pressure to <140/90 mmHg.

The Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension point out that the blood pressure should be reduced to <140/90 mmHg in general hypertensive patients, and can be further reduced to <130/80 mmHg for those who can tolerate it and some high-risk patients.

Myth 4: Antihypertensive drugs should be replaced every few years

During the treatment of hypertension, if the blood pressure of the hypertensive patient is very stable and there are no obvious side effects, they should continue to use it, and frequent or regular replacement is not recommended. Only if the blood pressure value of the hypertensive patients does not reach a very satisfactory standard, it is necessary to change the medicine and adjust the medicine under the guidance of a professional doctor.

Misunderstanding 5: Excessive dependence on antihypertensive drugs, the same way of life

Lifestyle intervention is a reasonable and effective treatment for any hypertensive patient at all times, with the aim of lowering blood pressure and controlling other risk factors and clinical conditions. The effect of lifestyle intervention on reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular risk is certain, and it should be used in all patients, and should be continued throughout the entire process of hypertension treatment, and if necessary, combined with drug therapy.

Table 1. Lifestyle intervention goals and antihypertensive effects

Misunderstanding 6: Health products to lower blood pressure

In recent years, there have been more and more antihypertensive health products, such as herbal tea, antihypertensive pillows, antihypertensive insoles, etc. In fact, the antihypertensive effect of health products has not been scientifically clinically certified at all. Blind use of health products instead of antihypertensive drugs will delay the treatment of hypertension and lead to the early occurrence of various serious complications.

Pueraria

According to "Shen Nong's Materia Medica": Pueraria lobata, sweet and flat in taste, main to quench thirst, has the functions of clearing away heat and removing dryness, promoting body fluid and quenching thirst, and assisting in regulating blood pressure and blood sugar.

Professor Wu Zhongchao, Dean of the Acupuncture Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, once introduced Pueraria lobata, which can assist in regulating hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

It also has obvious improvement effect, so taking chicory gardenia tea can effectively relieve gout and improve various symptoms caused by acute.

The 100% ingredients contained in chicory gardenia tea have better effects in the treatment of gout.

It is also the most common Chinese herbal medicine in the process of TCM syndrome differentiation, which can effectively achieve the effect of treating gout and bring us better improvement.

This tea is made of kudzu, chicory and gardenia as the main raw materials. Experts have formulated it many times to continuously verify the effect, so that it can have a good effect of lowering blood sugar.

[If you feel that it is too troublesome to match and it is not easy to master the dosage, you can click the recommended tea bag with the same golden ratio. 】

A fan asked before: Expert teacher, can I buy some kudzu, chicory and gardenia by myself and make tea at home. Here I remind everyone that Pueraria, Chicory and Gardenia Tea is very effective, but you should not drink it blindly. This kind of tea focuses on scientific proportions. Different medicinal materials have different proportions and different effects.

But I am afraid of making mistakes, but it is counterproductive, so the editor recommends a chicory gardenia tea, which is carefully matched with 6 kinds of ingredients: mulberry leaves, gardenia, lily, pueraria, chicory root and licorice. Gardenia tea assists in lowering the third high, and has been unanimously recognized by many gout patients.

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#Chinese hypertensive population exceeds 300 million#