May occur frequently, beware of foodborne diseases! There are so many black hands behind the scenes!
The May Day holiday is half over
Are you all happy at home?
Eat and play?
Fuzhou CDC reminds:
Bacteria and viruses are active in May, pay attention to protection!
The beginning of summer is approaching, the weather is getting warmer,
It is the active season of bacteria and viruses,
In May, attention should be paid to the new coronavirus pneumonia,
Foodborne diseases, travel should also pay attention to protection.
Disease control experts pointed out that at present, although the overall control of the COVID-19 virus pneumonia epidemic in the country is relatively good, everyone should still gather less and keep a distance; if you go out, you should wear a mask, especially when taking public transportation, in a relatively closed place or When in the hospital; wash your hands frequently and ventilate frequently; cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or tissue when coughing or sneezing, and wash your hands as soon as possible afterwards; if you have respiratory symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and fatigue, you should seek medical attention in time.
In May, the weather is getting hotter, all kinds of food-borne pathogens are easy to multiply, food is easy to spoil, and schools are starting to open one after another. Attention should be paid to school drinking water, canteen environment and personnel hygiene, and food safety.
many raw foods,
Especially poultry, meat, eggs and unpasteurized milk
may contain pathogenic bacteria,
The cooking temperature should be at least 70°C.
and keep it for a certain period of time;
Frozen meat, fish, poultry, etc. should be thawed first, and then cooked to ensure that they are cooked thoroughly;
Pre-processed food or leftover meals should be kept at the appropriate temperature;
Raw and cooked foods in the refrigerator should be wrapped in plastic wrap to avoid cross-contamination;
Before processing cooked food, both cutting boards and knives should be thoroughly cleaned, and it is best to separate the boards and knives for processing raw and cooked foods completely;
Wash hands thoroughly with detergent before each preparation of food and after processing raw fish and meat.
Eating miscellaneous meals during the holidays
Be careful to stay away from foodborne illnesses!
How to prevent it?
Let's take a look.
What is a foodborne illness?
Foodborne diseases refer to infectious or toxic diseases caused by various pathogenic factors in food entering the human body through ingestion.
In layman's terms, it is a disease caused by "eating".
Most of the foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are mainly caused by digestive system symptoms, which is often referred to as "vomiting and diarrhea".
But some foodborne pathogens can cause serious complications in addition to digestive symptoms.
What are the culprits behind the disease?
salmonella
I ate raw and cooked meat in the refrigerator, and drank unpasteurized milk. Unfortunately, I had diarrhea. It is very likely that I was infected with Salmonella.
The bacteria contaminate meat, eggs, milk, vegetables, and peanut butter. Children (children under 5 years old), the elderly, and pregnant women are susceptible groups.
Infection symptoms:
The incubation period is 12 to 48 hours. Gastroenteritis is more common, accompanied by headache, nausea and other symptoms. The symptoms of gastroenteritis in most patients will disappear after 2 to 3 days. A small number of patients, such as children, pregnant women, the elderly and those with low immune function, may develop sepsis or even in severe cases. lethal.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
"Vibrio parahaemolyticus" prefers seafood such as fish, shrimp, crab, and shellfish. Raw seafood, undercooked during cooking, and cooked food products are easy to be "sucked" due to improper storage or handling.
Infection symptoms:
The incubation period ranges from 1 hour to 4 days, with most being around 10 hours. Acute onset, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and watery stools are the main symptoms.
Severely ill patients experience shock due to dehydration. A small number of patients may appear unconscious, convulsions, pale or cyanotic and other phenomena. If the rescue is not timely, they will be in a state of collapse, which can lead to death.
Tetrodotoxin
The cute-looking pufferfish is extremely "black-bellied" and contains a highly toxic tetrodotoxin, which can cause death with only 0.5mg, and this toxin has the indestructible body of a diamond. Generally, heating, boiling, drying, etc. No method can eliminate it.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Fish do not talk much, and the incubation period is generally only 10 to 45 minutes, and the longest is 3 hours.
Numbness of lips, fingers and tongue tip, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, and later development of limb weakness, paralysis of lips, tongue tip and limbs, or even general paralysis or paralysis, and then difficulty in breathing, and finally death of respiratory failure .
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most serious foodborne pathogens. In addition to digestive symptoms, it can cause serious complications. It mainly infects the elderly and people with weakened immune systems.
Infection symptoms:
Septicemia and meningitis can occur after infection.
Infection in pregnant women can lead to serious consequences such as miscarriage and stillbirth.
How does a holiday diet prevent foodborne illness?
Reduce salt, oil, calories, and rice
It should not be too salty: the amount of salt for normal people should not exceed 10 grams per day. Too much salt will increase the burden on the kidneys, causing edema, and sodium salt retention will also cause blood pressure to rise, increasing the incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cerebral hemorrhage.
The calories should not be too much: the general holiday diet is mainly meat dishes, with less cereals and vegetables. The result is that dietary fiber intake is seriously insufficient, and fat and protein are seriously exceeded. Eating too much meat and exercising less, many people will experience dry skin, dry stools, constipation, and even hemorrhoids.
Therefore, the combination of meat and vegetables in each meal during the holiday should be controlled between 1 (meat): 2 (vegetarian) ~ 1 (meat): 3 (vegetarian), eat more beans and seafood, and replace melon seeds with yogurt and fruit Wait for snacks to clear heat and clear the intestines, moisten the throat and remove dryness.
It is not advisable to be too full: During the festival, the food is rich and diverse, but the activity is low and the digestive function is poor. Overeating will not only increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, cause indigestion, but also cause weight gain, high blood pressure and arteriosclerosis. increase the burden on the heart. Therefore, proper diet is particularly important.
Avoid excessive drinking and drunkenness
It is common to call friends and raise a glass to drink during the holidays. Although drinking in moderation is good for the body, drinking too much alcohol is definitely harmful to the body. The accumulation of a large amount of alcohol in the human body can cause acute alcoholism.
Seven dietary mistakes to keep in mind
In order to better control your holiday eating, we have compiled 7 eating mistakes, avoid them, and make your holiday more enjoyable! include:
Drink sweet drinks before meals
Cold dishes are all fish and meat
A table full of delicacies without a staple food
cooking oil strong taste
Not too much seafood
Vegetables, bacteria and algae are not on the table
drink salty soup after a full meal
In addition, experts also made some suggestions:
First of all, we must pay attention to food safety, clean and fresh, and prevent diseases. The best meals are cooked and eaten right away, made with fresh ingredients and eaten right away.
Secondly, the dinner party advocates a divided meal system, and everyone uses public chopsticks and spoons. Many foodborne illnesses are transmitted through the digestive tract, and the movement of chopsticks in and out of everyone's mouths and dishes during a gathering may allow germs to spread.
Third, don’t be addicted to eating on time, overeating is unhealthy. Do not disrupt the normal diet and work and rest rules because of playfulness and sleep supplementation, causing gastrointestinal discomfort and causing digestive system dysfunction.
Finally, the refrigerator is not a safe, so keep leftovers with care. Although the low temperature in the refrigerator compartment can inhibit the reproduction of most bacteria, some psychrophilic bacteria can continue to grow, which is easy to contaminate the refrigerated food. The food stored in the refrigerator must be separated from raw and cooked food to prevent cross-contamination.
Only food can't live up to the holiday
But also pay attention to diet
to avoid unnecessary discomfort
Also take breaks
Plan your holiday reasonably
Haidu reporter Chen Yanyan
Haidu Digital Media Center Comprehensive: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Health and Family Planning