The infectious disease with the most deaths in China in 2021: AIDS! Students and the elderly are 'targeted'
According to the latest data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the national epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases in 2021 shows that the infectious disease with the highest mortality rate and death toll is AIDS , reaching 19,623 people. The number of deaths ranked 2-3 were tuberculosis (1763 deaths) and viral hepatitis (520 deaths).
1. AIDS is spreading among men
At the end of last year, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention released 4 studies on AIDS in a row, from which we can sort out the following information.
·Spatial analysis of AIDS among out-of-school adolescents aged 15-24
Between 2010 and 2019, there were 141,557 confirmed cases of HIV among the 15-24 age group in mainland China .
Overall, new HIV diagnoses trended upwards from 2010-2015 and remained stable from 2016-2019. Among them, there were 9,373 and 15,790 AIDS-diagnosed cases in 2010 and 2019, respectively, with an annual growth rate of 6.0% ! The report pointed out that the proportion of students diagnosed with HIV increased from 8.5% (2010) to 21.7% (2019).
In addition, in this decade, newly diagnosed male patients accounted for 80.3%, with an average annual growth rate of 10.0%, and the ratio of male to female AIDS patients was about 4:1, showing an upward trend.
·Research progress of HIV/AIDS epidemiology in China
In the past ten years, the proportion of elderly men with HIV in China has been increasing, and the proportion of new HIV-positive cases among men over 60 years old has risen from 7.41% to 18.21% (2020) .
The data found that the high incidence of AIDS among adolescents and the elderly is closely related to open-mindedness, ignorance, and luck.
We are in the information age, young people are more open-minded , but they lack the knowledge of disease prevention and increase the risk of HIV infection. However , the lack of understanding of AIDS among the elderly , coupled with poor immunity, gives AIDS an opportunity to take advantage of it.
Some people have a fluke mentality , thinking that AIDS is far away from them, and refuse to take protective measures, exposing themselves to the risk of infection .
2. What happens to a person after being infected with AIDS?
AIDS is a chronic progressive disease, and infected persons will experience acute, asymptomatic, early onset, and end-stage stages.
·Acute phase
2-4 weeks after HIV enters the body, about 50% of infected people will have acute symptoms, mainly fever, accompanied by fatigue, rash, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sore throat, headache, joint and muscle headache, and swollen lymph nodes, etc. Performance.
Usually, the symptoms of AIDS in the acute phase are self-limiting, and the symptoms will subside or even disappear after 1-3 weeks. In the acute phase, there is a "window period" for HIV testing, that is, it cannot be detected, but it is still infectious .
· Asymptomatic period
After the acute phase, the infected person enters the asymptomatic phase with no clinical manifestations, also known as the AIDS incubation period. Although asymptomatic, the HIV virus can be detected in the body fluids and blood of the patient, which is contagious and is an HIV "carrier".
· Early onset
If HIV-infected patients are not treated, the average incubation period of 7-10 years will reach the early stage of the disease. At this time, the patient's immunity will decline, and abdominal lymph nodes may be swollen, accompanied by two or more lymph nodes in other parts of the body. .
· Terminal stage
At the end stage, the patient's immune system almost collapses , and a variety of clinical symptoms appear, including fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, etc. It can also be accompanied by a variety of opportunistic infections and serious infections caused by a variety of pathogens , such as Pneumocystis spp. Pneumonia, opportunistic pathogen infection, etc. Later, patients often develop malignant tumors , which can lead to systemic organ failure and death.
Dr. Li Hongzheng of the Department of Critical Care Medicine said that if AIDS is diagnosed at an early stage, if antiviral treatment can be strictly implemented , with today's medical technology and drug capabilities, the disease can be " chronic ". Chronic diseases like blood pressure and diabetes.
3. What should I do if a high-risk behavior occurs?
High-risk behavior does not necessarily lead to HIV infection, but we cannot take chances. If high-risk behavior occurs, it is recommended to go to the local CDC or infectious disease hospital for treatment in time, and take blocking drugs within 72 hours .
Post-exposure prophylaxis initiated within 72 hours can effectively prevent the replication of HIV virus and reduce the risk of infection by 90%. During the period of taking the blocking drug, the patient may experience side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, etc., but the drug cannot be stopped at this time, and must be taken continuously for 28 days to ensure the blocking effect. Some people stopped the drug without authorization because they could not bear the side effects, which eventually led to the failure of the blockade.
Currently, the most common test for HIV is the antibody test , which is recommended in the 4th week after high-risk behaviors . If the result is negative, wait until the 8th or 12th week to check again.
4. What else you need to know about AIDS
1. Can mosquitoes transmit HIV?
Mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS because HIV does not replicate in mosquitoes . In addition, after a mosquito bites an HIV-infected person, the amount of virus remaining in the mouth is so small that it cannot infect the next person. Mosquitoes transmit diseases such as JE, malaria, and dengue fever.
2. Will shaking hands and hugging get AIDS?
AIDS is transmitted through mother-to-child transmission, blood transmission and sexual contact transmission, and behaviors such as shaking hands, hugging, eating together, and sharing transportation are not contagious .
3. After HIV is isolated from the body. How long can it survive?
The study found that the higher the HIV load in the blood, the longer it took for the virus to completely inactivate . Injection needles or surgical instruments with residual blood with high HIV load and exposure to air, drying in a short period of time, the virus usually dies in 2 to 3 hours. But if the environment is humid and the space is confined , the virus can survive for up to 96 hours longer.
Nowadays, people's minds are becoming more and more open, but there are still many people who don't know about AIDS, which leads to people who are infected every year. Especially for young people and the elderly, the trend of infection cannot be objective, and we must take precautions!
References:
[1] China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: AIDS among Chinese adolescents has continued to increase over the past 10 years. New Medical Perspectives. 2020-12-01
[2] Overview of the National Epidemic of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in 2021. Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. 2022-04-22
[3] Report: There are 1.05 million HIV-infected people in China, and the proportion of elderly men who are infected with HIV is increasing. Statistical medicine based on words. 2021-11-27
Reproduction is prohibited without the author's permission