After being bitten by a dog, can vaccination be 100% preventable? Doctor: Doing these emergency measures is effective

The fear of rabies is because of the high risk of death.

　　Relevant data surveys show that about 60,000 people die from rabies every year in the world, of which India is the most serious country, with more than 20,000 deaths per year . Once a patient is infected with rabies virus, the mortality rate is almost 100%.

　　The reason why rabies virus is so terrible is because it is different from other pathogens, it is a master of latent and immune escape . After entering the body, other pathogens tend to travel from the blood circulation and are quickly exposed to the surveillance of the immune system.

　　But the rabies virus is just the opposite. It just lurks in the patient's muscle cells and uses these cells as a cover to escape the immune system. Moreover, rabies virus contains M protein , which can inhibit the interferon response , that is, even if it is recognized by the immune system, it can also block the activation process of the innate immune response;

　　At the same time, the rabies virus only survives in the human nervous system and is affected by the blood-brain barrier , which undoubtedly gives the rabies virus a great protective cover. Once the virus enters the central nervous system, no antiviral drugs work . This means that the incubation period of rabies virus in vivo is quite long , and by the time the disease occurs, the patient has already missed the best time for treatment.

　　And after the injection of rabies vaccine, it is not about 100% protection!

　　The reason for this is that after any vaccine comes out, it cannot be said that it can absolutely prevent a certain virus infection. Moreover, after rabies vaccination, it usually takes about 14 days to produce a large number of antibodies, but the shortest incubation period of rabies is only about 10 days . If the wound is not treated in the first time, it may cause a time lag;

　　That is to say , before the vaccine produces antibodies, the rabies virus has entered the patient's brain tissue , so the antigen in the vaccine will increase the amount of rabies virus antigen in the body, which in turn accelerates the proliferation and spread of the rabies virus, and the disease is aggravated.

　　So the question is, the rabies virus is so terrible, and the vaccine cannot guarantee 100% protection after the event.

1. Rinse in place

　　If you are bitten by an animal such as a cat or dog, the first thing to do is not to go to the hospital immediately, but to treat the wound on the spot. You can use 20% soapy water, running tap water for treatment .

　　If the meat is bitten and the wound is in a closed state, you need to press with your hands to squeeze the surrounding tissue of the wound to let the blood in the wound flow out . After rinsing again, disinfect with iodophor, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol , etc.;

　　2. Vaccination

　　After treating the wound in situ, all you have to do now is get the rabies shot. It should be emphasized that the sooner the vaccine is injected, the better the effect will be. And rabies vaccine injection often requires several injections, so patients should follow the doctor's advice to ensure the whole process of injection, and use rabies patient immune globulin if necessary.

　　Finally, I would like to remind everyone that scratches and bites by cats and dogs may seem like a small problem, but the rabies virus is hidden behind it. Therefore, it is necessary for people who have pets at home to vaccinate their pets as soon as possible. Once you are bitten by a cat or dog while going out, you should also pay attention to it and deal with it in time to reduce the risk of later infection.